People engage in eating behavior as a matter of survival, normally every day. That is, one has to make choices about what to eat, when, and how much. In western or westernized societies in particular, food is abundant, cheap, and available in a great variety. Moreover, eating is a fundamentally rewarding behavior, and is thus intrinsically linked to mood and emotions. When humans are energy deficient, a complex interplay of physiological processes signals the brain that food should be consumed, i.e., an individual feels hungry. When enough food has been consumed, these processes signal that consumption should be terminated, i.e., an individual feels satiated or sated. Eating can be triggered even in the absence of hunger or extended beyond satiation.
Numerous factors are known that determine or guide eating behavior in an automatic and implicit fashion. Eating may be initiated or prolonged by the presence of others, i.e., is influenced by social factors.Food choices and consumption are also strongly influenced by environmental factors, e.g., advertising, packaging, portion sizes, lighting, and many more. Constant monitoring and self-regulation of eating is necessary in order to eat healthily, i.e., to provide the body both qualitatively and quantitatively with the right nutrients. At the same time, eating healthily also means to be able to enjoy the rewarding aspects of food without falling prey to a loss of control over eating.
Many individuals are able to do this successfully, yet some exhibit over-regulation of eating behavior resulting in underweight and malnutrition. In most cases, obesity is the result of poor dietary habits – rather than compulsive eating binges – which contribute to a modest average daily excess of energy intake over energy expenditure. Some individuals, however, show regular binge eating which is defined as consuming large amounts of food over a discrete period of time with a sense of lack of control over eating, and which is associated with marked distress. there are some individuals who engage in regular binge eating but use compensatory behaviors like vomiting to prevent weight gain.In addition to eating disorders and obesity, there are a vast number of eating behaviors that deserve scientific scrutiny and discussion. For instance, there are some problematic eating behaviors that are not included in the current diagnostic manuals, but are continuously debated in terms of their clinical relevance e.g., night eating or food addiction.
Thus, it would appear to be inappropriate to focus on eating disorders and obesity as separate entities. Findings from basic research on eating behavior are important to understand disordered eating behavior. These findings may include research on how food and food-cues are processed in the brain, mechanisms underlying successful and unsuccessful self-regulation of eating, or social and environmental determinants of and individual differences in food choice and consumption. In addition, there is increasing evidence that eating behaviors, e.g., food preferences, are shaped by gene-environment interactions in early childhood. A better understanding of the developmental aspects of eating behavior is essential to understand eating behavior in adulthood. Research on triggers of and treatment approaches for reducing binge eating may also be useful to increase dieting success or inducing healthier food choices in overweight individuals without eating disorders.
http://www.kaamkhoj.co.in/
Numerous factors are known that determine or guide eating behavior in an automatic and implicit fashion. Eating may be initiated or prolonged by the presence of others, i.e., is influenced by social factors.Food choices and consumption are also strongly influenced by environmental factors, e.g., advertising, packaging, portion sizes, lighting, and many more. Constant monitoring and self-regulation of eating is necessary in order to eat healthily, i.e., to provide the body both qualitatively and quantitatively with the right nutrients. At the same time, eating healthily also means to be able to enjoy the rewarding aspects of food without falling prey to a loss of control over eating.
Many individuals are able to do this successfully, yet some exhibit over-regulation of eating behavior resulting in underweight and malnutrition. In most cases, obesity is the result of poor dietary habits – rather than compulsive eating binges – which contribute to a modest average daily excess of energy intake over energy expenditure. Some individuals, however, show regular binge eating which is defined as consuming large amounts of food over a discrete period of time with a sense of lack of control over eating, and which is associated with marked distress. there are some individuals who engage in regular binge eating but use compensatory behaviors like vomiting to prevent weight gain.In addition to eating disorders and obesity, there are a vast number of eating behaviors that deserve scientific scrutiny and discussion. For instance, there are some problematic eating behaviors that are not included in the current diagnostic manuals, but are continuously debated in terms of their clinical relevance e.g., night eating or food addiction.
Thus, it would appear to be inappropriate to focus on eating disorders and obesity as separate entities. Findings from basic research on eating behavior are important to understand disordered eating behavior. These findings may include research on how food and food-cues are processed in the brain, mechanisms underlying successful and unsuccessful self-regulation of eating, or social and environmental determinants of and individual differences in food choice and consumption. In addition, there is increasing evidence that eating behaviors, e.g., food preferences, are shaped by gene-environment interactions in early childhood. A better understanding of the developmental aspects of eating behavior is essential to understand eating behavior in adulthood. Research on triggers of and treatment approaches for reducing binge eating may also be useful to increase dieting success or inducing healthier food choices in overweight individuals without eating disorders.
http://www.kaamkhoj.co.in/
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